Pain that travels from your lower back or buttock into your leg may be sciatica. Some people describe a burning or shooting sensation. Others notice tingling, numbness, or weakness.
Because several conditions can cause these symptoms, sciatica treatment starts with understanding what may be irritating the nerve. An evaluation can help your provider recommend appropriate next steps.
What Is Sciatica?
Sciatica describes symptoms that occur when something irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve or the nerve roots that form it. These nerves connect the lower spine with parts of the legs and feet.
Sciatica usually affects one side of the body. Although you may also have back pain, leg pain can be the more noticeable symptom.
Importantly, sciatica describes a pattern of symptoms. It does not identify the underlying cause by itself.
Common Sciatica Symptoms
Symptoms can vary in location and intensity. They may include:
- Pain that travels through the buttock and down the leg.
- A burning, shooting, or electric sensation.
- Tingling or numbness in the leg or foot.
- Weakness in the affected leg.
Sitting, certain movements, coughing, or sneezing may make symptoms worse. However, similar symptoms can have other causes, so avoid relying on symptoms alone to diagnose yourself.
What Causes Sciatica?
Several conditions can put pressure on or irritate nerves in the lower back.
Common causes include:
- A herniated disc: Part of a spinal disc pushes outward and may press on a nearby nerve.
- Spinal stenosis: Narrowing around the spinal nerves can reduce the space available for them.
- Spondylolisthesis: A vertebra slips out of position and may affect nearby nerves.
Your provider considers your symptoms, medical history, and examination when looking for a cause. Depending on the findings, they may recommend imaging or other tests. Not everyone needs a scan.
Sciatica Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the cause, symptom severity, and how pain affects your daily activities. Many people improve with nonsurgical care.
Your provider may discuss:
- Activity guidance: Adjusting activities while maintaining appropriate movement.
- Physical therapy: Learning exercises and movement strategies that fit your symptoms and abilities.
- Medication: Considering potential benefits, risks, and interactions before choosing an option.
- Targeted injections: Considering an injection when appropriate for the underlying condition and symptoms.
Some people need a surgical evaluation, particularly when significant nerve compression or neurological symptoms require further attention.
At PCET, treatment planning may include physical therapy through Functional Rehab and interventional pain management options. Your evaluation helps guide which approaches may be appropriate.
When to Seek Care
Contact your healthcare provider if symptoms persist, worsen, or interfere with walking, sleeping, working, or other activities. Also, report new leg weakness promptly.
Seek emergency care immediately if back or leg pain occurs with:
- New difficulty urinating or loss of bladder or bowel control.
- New numbness around the groin, genitals, or buttocks.
- Severe or rapidly worsening leg weakness, especially in both legs.
These symptoms can indicate serious nerve compression. Do not wait for a routine appointment.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is sciatica the same as a herniated disc?
No. A herniated disc can cause sciatica, but other conditions can also irritate or compress the nerves.
How long does sciatica last?
Some cases improve within weeks to a few months. However, symptoms can last longer or return. Your provider can discuss what your symptoms and evaluation suggest.
Does sciatica always require surgery?
No. Many people improve with nonsurgical treatment. Your provider considers the cause, your response to treatment, and any neurological symptoms when discussing next steps.
Discuss Your Symptoms With PCET
If persistent back or leg pain affects your daily life, an evaluation can help you understand your options.
Call Pain Consultants of East Tennessee at (865) 579-0552 to ask about appointments and care in Knoxville or Oak Ridge.
